■基本有理式
3変数の有理式を考えてみる.
[1]1/(a−b)(a−c)+1/(b−a)(b−c)+1/(c−a)(c−b)=0
[2]a/(a−b)(a−c)+b/(b−a)(b−c)+c/(c−a)(c−b)=0
[3]a^2/(a−b)(a−c)+b^2/(b−a)(b−c)+c^2/(c−a)(c−b)=1
[4]a^3/(a−b)(a−c)+b^3/(b−a)(b−c)+c^3/(c−a)(c−b)=a+b+c
さて,この4変数版はどうなるのだろうか?
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[1]1/(a−b)(a−c)(a−d)+1/(b−a)(b−c)(b−d)+1/(c−a)(c−b)(c−d)+1/(d−a)(d−b)(d−c)=0
[2]a/(a−b)(a−c)(a−d)+b/(b−a)(b−c)(b−d)+c/(c−a)(c−b)(c−d)+d/(d−a)(d−b)(d−c)=0
[3]a^2/(a−b)(a−c)(a−d)+b^2/(b−a)(b−c)(b−d)+c^2/(c−a)(c−b)(c−d)+d^2/(d−a)(d−b)(d−c)=0
[4]a^3/(a−b)(a−c)(a−d)+b^3/(b−a)(b−c)(b−d)+c^3/(c−a)(c−b)(c−d)+d^3/(d−a)(d−b)(d−c)=1
[5]a^4/(a−b)(a−c)(a−d)+b^4/(b−a)(b−c)(b−d)+c^4/(c−a)(c−b)(c−d)+d^4/(d−a)(d−b)(d−c)=a+b+c+d
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一般に
Σxj^r/Π(xj−xk)=0 (0≦r<n−1)
Σxj^r/Π(xj−xk)=1 (r=n−1)
Σxj^r/Π(xj−xk)=Σxj (r=n−1)
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